Tourist Licence in the Balearic Islands: Requirements

Almost everything written about the tourist licence in the Balearics starts from a mistaken premise: that there is one. There are four, one per island, with four registers, four procedures and four prices, because tourism regulation is exercised by the consells insulars (the island councils), not by the Govern.

And there is a second piece that exists in no other Spanish region. Here a dwelling does not simply meet the requirements and register: it has to contribute tourist places bought from an island pool, and that pool is filled only with the places of dwellings that deregister. Each island’s ceiling is closed, so a new registration literally depends on another dwelling having left first.

This is what the rules in force require, island by island, with what can be registered today and what no longer can.

What an ETV is and which law governs it in the Balearics

The category is not called vivienda de uso turístico or VUT. In the Balearics it is an ETV, estancia turística en vivienda (tourist stay in a dwelling): the tourist marketing of an entire residential dwelling, for short periods and in conditions of immediate use, alternating with the owner’s own use of it as a home.

The head norm is Ley 8/2012, de 19 de julio, del turismo de las Illes Balears, and stays in dwellings occupy chapter IV of its title III, articles 49 to 52¹. It is a heavily amended law, and three further norms have been built on top of it that have to be read together:

• Ley 3/2022, de 15 de junio, which suspended the acquisition of places in Mallorca, Eivissa and Formentera, and the start of new tourist activities in Menorca².
• Decreto-ley 4/2025, de 11 de abril, against illegal supply, ratified by the plenary of the Parlament on 6 May 2025, which banned new registrations under the horizontal property regime and created two temporary pools of places per island³.
• Ley 4/2026, de 11 de junio, in force since 14 June 2026, which reworded that ban and rewrote the coercive fines⁴.

There are three categories, and the difference decides which dwelling qualifies and how long the effects of registration last.

The ETV60 is the one almost nobody has on their radar: article 50.20 allows the owner, who must also be the operator, to market their main home for a maximum of 60 days a year, with the distribution of those days across the year declared in the DRIAT itself¹. The article does not require them to be consecutive.

Four consells, four island registers

Article 27 is explicit: each island has a register of tourism companies, activities and establishments, and organising it falls to the consell insular. The Govern keeps a General Register of the Illes Balears, but it is fed by those four and replaces none of them.

Registration is not applied for. Filing the DRIAT has the immediate effect of registration of the administration’s own motion in the island register, and the tourism authority passes it on to the tax authorities, the town halls and the Land Registry.

The number that comes out of it takes the form ETV/number (ETV/0000 in the official forms), with the ETVPL and ETV60 variants depending on the category, and it has to be displayed permanently in the channel where the dwelling is offered. Until it is available, the law accepts the DRIAT’s filing receipt number.

The registers are public and free. The Consell de Mallorca keeps a searchable census where each dwelling appears by its reference, its municipality and its authorised places, so checking whether a listing corresponds to a real ETV takes a minute. It is the check behind the listing-removal campaigns of this summer of inspections.

What can be registered today on each island

Before looking at requirements it is worth looking at the map, because on all four islands the answer to “can I register a dwelling?” depends not on the dwelling but on whether places remain in the pool and on what the town hall says.

Menorca is the one that causes the most confusion, because it circulates as a closed island and it has not been one for dwellings for over a year. The starting point was indeed a suspension: the second additional provision of Ley 3/2022 halted the start of new hotel, tourist-apartment, rural-tourism and hostel activities and of dwellings marketed for tourism, as well as the expansion of places at establishments already operating, with five cases it does not reach, among them the territorial reconversion areas of the Plan Territorial Insular and the files already under way in June 2022².

What changed is the mechanism. Decreto-ley 4/2025 created two temporary pools of places on each island, Menorca included, and suspended there the application of article 89 of Ley 8/2012, which was precisely the one that exempted Menorcan dwellings from contributing places³. With article 89 suspended, a dwelling in Menorca enters the same circuit as the rest: it buys places and files the DRIAT. The Consell Insular set the price and the procedure in June 2025, and the Servicio de Ordenación Turística manages both pools⁵.

On the other three islands the key is still the carrying-capacity study. The first additional provision of Ley 3/2022 suspended in Mallorca, Eivissa and Formentera the purchase of places from the managing body and exchanges between private parties, with four closed exceptions: the change of use of a tourist accommodation under article 78, the voluntary deregistration of a dwelling whose places were bought for a price and not provisionally, the reduction of up to 20% of one accommodation’s places to expand another belonging to the same owner, and the transfer of places from a deregistered dwelling to another dwelling of the same owner².

The pool of places: no places bought, no DRIAT

Here is the mechanism that exists in no other Spanish region, and the one that explains why in the Balearics a tourist licence has a market price. The rule is in article 88:

“The effectiveness of a responsible declaration of commencement of tourist activity or of a prior notification of expansion, referring to a tourist accommodation establishment or to a residential dwelling marketed for tourism, and the entry in the corresponding island register of tourism companies, activities and establishments, are conditional on contributing at least the same number of places as are to be marketed and registered, obtained from the pools of places managed by the managing bodies or the tourism authorities, to the extent of their availability.”

In plain terms: you can have a perfect cédula and the DRIAT will have no effect if you do not contribute as many places as you are going to market. Four further conditions narrow the funnel:

• The places have to come from the same island. It is an essential requirement for the DRIAT to take effect and for registration.
• The two worlds do not mix. Places to open or expand accommodation establishments come from other establishments; places for dwellings, from dwellings.
• They stay tied to the property until definitive deregistration. They are not an asset that moves freely.
• Under horizontal property and for a main home they are acquired provisionally, for five years, renewable.

Nor do you choose the number: the places counted are those set by the cédula de habitabilidad (the occupancy certificate), and extra beds are not accepted. The price is set by the managing body on objective criteria, and the law obliges it to differentiate between permanent and provisional places and to set it lower for the main-home category. It also allows it, without obliging it, to charge a higher and progressive price for the second and subsequent dwellings of the same company, something Mallorca’s tariff does not apply today⁶.

How much a tourist place costs in Mallorca

In Mallorca the managing body is the Consorcio Bolsa de Alojamientos Turísticos (CBAT), in which the Consell de Mallorca takes part. The amounts come from the decision of its governing board of 3 December 2024 and were reproduced in the decision of 11 March 2026 that governs the current call⁷:

With those numbers, a six-place detached house needs 21,000 euros in places alone before filing the DRIAT, and the same property as a main home for 60 days comes to 1,750. It is the cost that almost never appears in the “how to get the licence” guides and the one that decides whether the operation is viable.

In Menorca the price is in the Consell’s own resolution: 2,500 euros per place in the two temporary pools, and 800 euros per place in the main-home category⁵. In Eivissa and Formentera it is not in the pools resolution but in each consell’s own ordinance, which the resolution merely invokes: Eivissa’s was published in BOIB number 32 of 7 March 2013 and Formentera’s in BOIB number 169 of 15 November 2012. Both have been amended since, so ask the consell for the current amount before budgeting.

Eivissa adds a discount with no equivalent in the archipelago: an 83.5% reduction on the price of main-home places, proportional to the shorter operating period, for casas payesas (traditional Ibizan farmhouses). The three conditions are cumulative: the house must appear in the 1956 aerial survey and keep the rural Ibizan typology with its constructive elements (stone walls, porch, beamed ceilings, bread oven, cistern), no more than three bedrooms and six places may be marketed for a maximum of sixty days a year, continuous or not, and the house must be the habitual residence of the person who markets and owns it⁸.

Places are drawn by lot; the pool holds only deregistrations

The pools operating today are not the ordinary ones of article 91 but the temporary pools of the second transitional provision of Decreto-ley 4/2025: two per island, one for accommodation establishments and one for dwellings, in force until each consell completes the assessment of its carrying capacity³.

The essential point is what fills them. Only places deregistered from 16 April 2025 onwards: deregistrations by the administration, voluntary deregistrations and the surplus left when a definitively deregistered dwelling transfers fewer places than it had. No new place enters the system, and the Govern says so in those words in its information on the norm.

In Mallorca the method has changed along the way. The September 2025 call offered 654 places and could not be resolved, because technical incidents made it impossible to determine with legal certainty the real order of arrival of the electronic applications. The decision of 11 March 2026 replaced that first-come order with a public draw before the General Secretariat of the Consell de Mallorca⁷:

1. The president of the CBAT publishes on the notice board of its electronic office the places on offer in the call and the date of the online procedure, open for at least seven calendar days.
2. The provisional list of admitted applicants is published, with five working days for objections, and each application receives a sequential number in order of filing.
3. A ballot is drawn before a public certifying officer and that number is the starting point: from it, places are awarded in ascending order and, once the numbering runs out, the count continues from 1.
4. The successful applicant is notified of the public-price assessment and required, within the same deadline, to produce the municipal zona apta certificate (the certificate that the dwelling sits in an area designated as suitable). Those left out go on a six-month waiting list.

Only one application per person and per property is accepted, ownership has to be proven with a Land Registry extract, and the places acquired cannot be transferred for five years, so that no secondary market forms.

No new flats: the ban on multi-family buildings

This is the change that makes almost everything published before 2025 obsolete. The second additional provision of Decreto-ley 4/2025, as worded by Ley 4/2026, says this:

“From the entry into force of this norm, the filing of new responsible declarations of commencement of activity relating to dwellings under the horizontal property regime is not permitted anywhere in the Illes Balears, except for the typologies of terraced houses, semi-detached houses and detached single-family houses where the latter share a plot with other buildings.

Dwellings that may be marketed for tourism in the main-home rental category are excluded from this ban.”

Three consequences, and none admits nuances by island because the ban is region-wide:

• A flat in a residential building cannot be registered as an ETV. It is not a matter of zoning or of the building’s statutes: the DRIAT is not accepted.
• Terraced, semi-detached and detached houses that share a plot can be registered, even under horizontal property, and they are the typologies that correspond to the 875-euro place in Mallorca.
• The ETV60 is outside the ban. A flat can be marketed for up to 60 days a year if it is the main home of the person operating it, the area is declared suitable for that category and the provisional places are bought.

What was already registered stays registered: the ban acts on the filing of new declarations, not on dwellings registered before 16 April 2025.

Palma is a zona no apta across its whole municipality

The 2018 headline is still circulating and fell short long ago: back then ETVs in multi-family buildings were already out and there were still suitable areas for detached houses. In May 2026 the plenary of the City Council went much further: at its session of 28 May it gave definitive approval to a specific amendment of the 2023 General Plan that rewrote its rules 4.2.1, 4.2.2 and 4.2.4. The new rule 4.2.4 fits in one line:

“The entire municipality of Palma is designated as a single zone not suitable for the purposes of marketing tourist stays in residential dwellings.”

The decision does three more things. It removes the growth allowance of 374 places that the 2023 General Plan still provided for (231 in Palma city and 143 on rural land). It makes renewal of non-permanent ETVs, those with five-year validity, impossible. And it makes it impossible to relocate or transfer the places of authorised ETVs to another location, for breaching the planning condition of zona apta. Existing authorisations stand, but the plan fixes density at the places that exist today and provides for it to fall as deregistrations occur.

Outside Palma zoning remains municipal: the town hall delimits the suitable areas on the criteria of the PIAT or the PTI (the island land-use plans), and the municipal zona apta certificate proves that your dwelling is inside one. Without it there is no valid DRIAT and, in Mallorca, no award of places either.

Requirements for an ETV in the Balearic Islands

The substantive requirements are in articles 50 to 52 and are declared, one by one, in the DRIAT itself¹:

• Cédula de habitabilidad in force, an equivalent island title, or an occupancy licence stating the number of places.
• Minimum age of five years in private residential use, proven by the new-build declaration, the first-occupancy licence or a municipal certificate.
• Area declared suitable by the town hall, and a ban on starting new ETVs on protected rural land, save what the PIAT or the PTI provide for with reasons.
• Energy certificate rated F for buildings from before 31 December 2007 and D for those from 1 January 2008 onwards.
• Individual meters for water, registered with the supplier, and for the other utilities.
• One bathroom for every four places, and one more for each excess over four or its multiples.
• Civil liability policy for damage to users and, under horizontal property, for the damage they cause to the community.
• Guaranteed tourist services: periodic cleaning, bed linen and household items with replacement, maintenance and 24-hour telephone assistance, plus a logbook authorised by the island administration recording who provides them and when.
• Stays by days or weeks not exceeding one month, understood as thirty nights, and no contracts by the room.

Two exclusions worth keeping in mind. A dwelling that is or has been subject to social-housing protection or a capped price cannot be marketed, nor can one carrying a final penalty for a serious or very serious breach of planning law until the situation is restored. And a dwelling penalised by a final decision cannot change ownership until the debt with the sanctioning administration is settled, a detail that surfaces late in sales and conditions the change of ownership.

The cédula de habitabilidad sets the number of places

There is no leeway: a dwelling can market at most the places allowed by the cédula, the equivalent title or the occupancy licence when they state them. That number does double duty, because it is also the number of places you have to buy from the pool.

That is why the cédula is the first document to look at, not the last. If it says four places, the listing cannot offer six, and advertising above the maximum is a serious infringement with a fine starting at 30,001 euros. It is the most expensive mistake and the easiest to detect from an office, because it is enough to compare the listing with the census.

The owners’ association resolution

Article 50.7 sets three scenarios, and the national majority rule sits on top of them:

1. If the constitutive title or the statutes prohibit uses other than residential, the DRIAT cannot be filed.
2. If they do not prohibit it, an express resolution of the general meeting accepting tourist marketing is needed, and that resolution is entered in the Land Registry where possible.
3. If the title or the statutes already expressly allow it, no resolution is needed.

Watch the majority, because article 50.7 refers to a wording of the Ley de Propiedad Horizontal predating the 2025 national reform and the one that applies is the new one. Since 3 April 2025 article 17.12 requires the favourable vote of three fifths of all owners who in turn represent three fifths of the participation shares, and that is the one that gets checked: the CBAT call accepts only a certificate from the administrator or the president proving it unequivocally, and declares any other document insufficient⁷. How that resolution is reached and whom it binds is set out in the three-fifths majority rule for tourist flats.

If the association later adopts a resolution preventing marketing, the activity ceases within a maximum of one year.

How to file the DRIAT with the consell insular

The order matters, because it is the order in which the administration checks it and each step depends on the previous one:

1. Check the typology. If it is a flat in a residential building, the only route is the ETV60.
2. Request the municipal zona apta certificate, which also proves that the municipality has not exceeded its maximum number of places. In Palma it is no longer issued for new ETVs.
3. Gather the cédula de habitabilidad and check how many places it recognises.
4. Obtain the places. In Mallorca, through a CBAT call and draw; in Menorca, Eivissa and Formentera, by application to the consell, which allocates in order of arrival while availability lasts. The order is the reverse of what people assume: first comes the award, then the public-price assessment, and only once payment is made are you issued the certificate of acquisition of places. From that notification you have three months to file the DRIAT for a dwelling, or the places return to the pool.
5. File the DRIAT electronically, with the administrative fees each consell charges, proof of identity, the zona apta certificate, the certificate of acquisition of places, the owners’ association resolution where applicable, the certificate of registered residence if it is an ETV60, and annex 6 of Decreto 20/2015.
6. Start operating the same day. Filing entitles you to carry out the activity from the day it is registered, without prejudice to later checks, and the entry in the register is made of the administration’s own motion.

The Consell de Mallorca’s DRIAT form also requires you to tick the exact building typology, which is what determines whether validity is indefinite or five-yearly, and to state the two full months of activity for ETV60s.

A warning about what you sign. Inaccuracy, falsehood or omission of any essential fact entails cancellation of the registration, restoration of the previous situation and sanction proceedings. That cancellation counts as a definitive deregistration by the administration, so the places pass to the administration’s disposal. The rule is that they are not refunded, although the administration may consider a full or partial refund in view of the circumstances, among them how long the dwelling was operated irregularly.

The DRIAT for a terraced house expires after five years

Validity depends on typology, and this is the sentence that fixes it:

“In all cases, the filing of a DRIAT relating to tourist stays carried out in residential dwellings under the horizontal property regime, or in the typologies determined by regulation, entitles the holder to carry out the activity for the period set by regulation which, by default, is five years from filing with the tourism authority.”

Renewal is not automatic and has a window: during the month before the end of each period, the owner, or the marketing company with their express permission, files a notification proving that the requirements are still met, that the area is still suitable and that they hold the managing body’s certificate confirming that the places are available to them for another period.

If that notification does not arrive, or the dwelling no longer meets the requirements in force at that time, planning ones included, the consequence is twofold: the activity ceases, the dwelling is definitively deregistered and the places return automatically to the managing body. That is why Palma’s designation as a zona no apta does not only close new registrations: it leaves the municipality’s five-year ETVs with no possible renewal.

Penalties under Ley 8/2012 and daily coercive fines

The penalty regime is in title VI of Ley 8/2012, and its distinctive feature is that the marketing of dwellings carries harsher brackets than the other infringements¹⁰.

The difference between the first two rows and the third is the verb. Advertising without a DRIAT is serious and starts at 30,001 euros; carrying out the activity without a DRIAT is very serious and starts at 50,001. The brackets of the nineteen regional tourism laws are compared in renting without a tourist licence, and the split between serious and very serious in very serious infringements in holiday rentals.

There are three more things that are not the base fine:

• Ancillary penalties. For serious infringements, temporary suspension of the activity or temporary closure. For very serious ones, revocation of the authorisation, loss of the effects of the DRIAT and temporary or definitive closure.
• Coercive fines. Since 14 June 2026, under the new wording of article 128 bis, the consell can impose fines of 500 to 5,000 euros a day for as long as the cease order goes unexecuted; they are compatible with the penalty and, after two assessments, the case goes to the Public Prosecutor. Since April 2025 the consells can also order the immediate and indefinite cessation of the activity in residential properties with no enabling title. How it is being applied is in the Balearics fine per day of illegal listing.
• Reductions for handing over the dwelling. The fine is reduced by 80% if responsibility is acknowledged and the dwelling is given over to social or price-capped rental for at least five years, and by 60% if it is given over to a public programme mobilising empty housing at affordable prices for at least seven years, and in that second case the rent is collected by the offending owner.

In continuing infringements there is a detail that works against whoever keeps letting: the limitation period, two years for serious and three for very serious infringements, does not start running until the unlawful situation is removed.

The contract information is signed at booking, not on arrival

There is a per-stay document almost nobody has set up, and in the Balearics it falls due earlier than anywhere else in Spain: it is not handed over at the door, it is handed over before the client accepts. It sits in article 87.3 of Decreto 20/2015, which article 106.4 applies to the marketing of stays in dwellings “en lo que no sea contradictorio”, in whatever is not contradictory¹¹.

“Información contractual: los establecimientos turísticos deben informar de los precios que corresponden a los servicios solicitados, antes de la aceptación del cliente. En los establecimientos turísticos de alojamiento, a esta información se añadirán, como mínimo, los siguientes datos: dirección, nombre, grupo y categoría del establecimiento; tipo y características de la unidad de alojamiento, y fecha y horas de entrada y salida. La recepción de esta información debe ser firmada por el usuario o debe acreditarse su recepción, y un duplicado suyo, en formato de papel o en copia electrónica, será conservado por el establecimiento durante un periodo mínimo de dos años, y estará a disposición de los servicios de inspección de turismo.”

Three features set it apart from the arrival document Andalusia or Asturias require:

• The moment is the booking, not the admission. “Antes de la aceptación del cliente” means before they confirm, so the document travels with the offer, not with the keys. If it arrives on the day of check-in it arrives late, however complete it is.
• The signature has an alternative. This is the only region that expressly accepts “o debe acreditarse su recepción”, or that receipt be otherwise evidenced. An email read receipt, or an acceptance logged on your website, stands in for the signature.
• The copy is kept for two years, and the period is written as a floor, not a ceiling: paper or electronic copy, at the disposal of the tourism inspectorate.

The minimum content is the prices of the services requested plus five items: address, name, group and category of the establishment, type and features of the accommodation unit, and the date and times of check-in and check-out. Those times are not decoration: paragraph 7 of the same article sets occupancy, unless otherwise agreed, from 16.00 on the first day to 12.00 on the last, and this document is where the agreement to the contrary gets written if your times differ¹¹.

Two consequences for whoever manages the property:

• The Balearics grant no exemption when the booking came through a platform. Unlike the Valencia region or Aragón, the decree does not allow an intermediary’s voucher to replace the document. An Airbnb or Booking confirmation discharges nothing: the duty binds the registered marketing party, and it is that party who has to keep the duplicate for two years.
• Remote check-in fits without friction. Because the duty lives at the booking moment and accepts evidenced receipt instead of a signature, nobody has to be at the door to comply with it. The same decree reinforces this in article 107.5: contract terms displayed on the marketing party’s website and expressly accepted by the client have contractual effect¹¹.

Ley 8/2012 penalises the two typical failures separately. Refusing to give a user who asks for it the documentation evidencing the terms of the contract is a serious offence under article 119.aq), from 5,001 to 50,000 euros, and entering into contracts without stating the registration number is a minor offence under article 118.l)¹⁰.

The DRIAT does not cover the parte de viajeros

The licence is regional. The parte de viajeros (guest report) is national and applies equally on all four islands: Real Decreto 933/2021 requires the data of every guest to be transmitted to SES.HOSPEDAJES immediately and, in any case, within 24 hours of the start of the contracted services¹².

There is no need to deduce it from the division of powers: Ley 8/2012 itself includes it among the obligations of an ETV, when it orders the marketing party to send the Directorate-General of Police the information on the stay of those accommodated in the dwelling. The Consell de Mallorca’s DRIAT has you declare it in a section of its own.

They are two distinct obligations, with two administrations and two penalty regimes. Failing to send the report is a serious national infringement, 601 to 30,000 euros, and no ETV number covers it: the amounts are in the penalties under RD 933/2021, how it works in what RD 933/2021 requires and the split between the three obligations in licence, NRUA and guest report.

In the Balearics that submission also has a second life. It is one of the two indicators the consells will use to declare the definitive deregistration of dwellings idle for three years in a row, together with missing returns for the Balearic ecotasa. Whoever keeps the dwelling inactive and sends no reports leaves exactly the trail the administration is looking for, and here deregistration does not only cost the number: it costs the places.

Frequently asked questions

How much does the tourist licence cost in the Balearics? The tourist licence in the Balearics is not paid for as a licence, because the DRIAT is a responsible declaration and not an authorisation, but it has a high entry cost: the places. In Mallorca the CBAT has set 3,500 euros per place for a detached house bought definitively, 875 euros for terraced and semi-detached houses, and 291.67 euros in the main-home category of up to 60 days. On top of that come each consell’s administrative fees and the preliminary documents, such as the cédula de habitabilidad and the energy certificate. In Menorca it is 2,500 euros per place and 800 for a main home, and in Eivissa and Formentera the price is set by each consell’s own ordinance.

Can a flat be let as a holiday rental in the Balearics? Letting a flat as a holiday rental in the Balearics is not possible for new registrations: since 16 April 2025 no responsible declarations are accepted for dwellings under the horizontal property regime anywhere in the archipelago, except terraced, semi-detached and detached houses that share a plot. The only route left for a flat is the main-home rental category, up to 60 days a year, when the owner is also the operator, the area is declared suitable and the places are acquired. Flats registered before that date keep their registration.

Can holiday rentals be registered in Menorca? Registering holiday rentals in Menorca is possible today, though only with places bought from the temporary pool. Ley 3/2022 suspended the start of new tourist activities on the island, but Decreto-ley 4/2025 created two temporary pools on each island and suspended article 89 of Ley 8/2012, which exempted Menorcan dwellings from contributing places. The Consell Insular set the price at 2,500 euros per place, or 800 euros in the main-home category, and the Servicio de Ordenación Turística allocates in order of arrival of applications while availability lasts. Whoever obtains an award has ten working days to pay and three months from the acquisition decision to file the DRIAT.

What happens to holiday rentals already authorised in Palma? Holiday rentals already authorised in Palma keep their authorisation, but they have been placed in a phase-out regime. The amendment of the General Plan approved by the plenary on 28 May 2026 declares the entire municipality a single zona no apta, fixes ETV density at the places that exist today and provides for it to fall as deregistrations occur. In practice: no new registrations, the places of an authorised ETV cannot be transferred to another location, and five-year ETVs will not be renewable, because renewal requires the area to remain suitable.

How many days a year can a main home be let in the Balearics? A main home can be let in the Balearics for a maximum of 60 days a year, and the distribution of those days across the year is declared in the DRIAT itself, without the law requiring them to be consecutive. The owner must also be the operator and prove that it is their main home, the dwelling can be of any typology, including a flat, and the area has to be expressly declared suitable for this category by the consell insular or by Palma City Council. It is the only category that allows residents and guests to live under the same roof.

This article is for information purposes. It is not a substitute for professional legal advice. The delimitation of suitable areas depends on each municipality’s planning, and the conditions for acquiring places change with each call, so both should be checked with the consell insular and the town hall before committing to a purchase.